Cranes
1926.753
Hoisting and rigging
 Rigging and hoisting of steel
members and materials are essential parts of the steel
erection process. However, in addition to the dangers usually
associated with cranes and derricks, steel erection also
presents specialized hazards, such as the use of cranes to
hoist employees, suspend loads over certain employees, and
perform multiple lifts. Because of the specialized nature of
these hazards, the provisions below are intended to
supplement, rather than displace, the requirements of 1926.550,
the OSHA standard covering cranes and derricks in general
construction.
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In
addition to paragraphs 1926.753(c)
through 1926.753(e),
all the provisions of 1926.550
apply to hoisting and rigging with the exception of 1926.550(g)(2),
[1926.753(a)],
and [1926.753(b)].
- The crane operators must be responsible for
operations under their direct control. Whenever there
is any doubt as to safety, the operator must have the
authority to:
- stop all hoisting activities,
and
- refuse to handle loads until safety has been
assured. [1926.753(c)(1)(iv)]
- Cranes or
derricks may be used to hoist
employees on a personnel platform when steel
erection is being conducted, provided that all
provisions of 1926.550
(except for 1926.550(g)(2))
are met. [1926.753(c)(4)]
 The headache ball, hook or load must not
be used to transport personnel except as provided in
paragraph [1926.753(c)(4)]
of this section. [1926.753(c)(3)]
- Safety latches on hooks
must not be deactivated or made inoperable except: [1926.753(c)(5)]
- when a qualified rigger has determined that the
hoisting and placing of purlins and
single joists can be performed more safely by
doing so; [1926.753(c)(5)(i)]
or
- when equivalent
protection is provided in a site-specific
erection plan. [1926.753(c)(5)(ii)]
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- Before each shift, cranes being used in steel
erection activities must be visually
inspected by a competent person. The inspection
must include observation for deficiencies during
operation, including, at a minimum [1926.753(c)(1)(i)]:
- lubricants,
- water, or
- other foreign matter.
- safety devices, including
but not limited to:
- boom-angle indicators,
- boom stops,
- boom kick-out devices,
- anti-two block devices, and
- load moment indicators where required [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(C)];
- air, hydraulic, and other pressurized lines, especially those
that flex during operation, for:
- hooks and latches
for
- wire rope reeving for
compliance with hoisting equipment manufacturer's
specifications [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(F)];
- electrical apparatus
for:
- malfunctioning,
- signs of excessive deterioration,
- dirt, or
- moisture accumulation [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(G)];
- hydraulic system for
proper fluid level [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(H)];
- tires for proper inflation
and condition [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(I)];
-
ground
conditions
around the hoisting equipment for:
- proper support, including ground settling under
and around outriggers,
- ground water accumulation, or
- similar conditions [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(J)];
- the hoisting equipment for
level position [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(K)];
and
- the hoisting equipment for level position after each move and setup [1926.753(c)(1)(i)(L)].
- If any deficiency is identified, an immediate
determination must be made by the competent person as
to whether the deficiency constitutes a hazard
[1926.753(c)(1)(ii)].
- If the deficiency is determined to constitute a
hazard, the hoisting equipment must be removed from service, until the
deficiency has been corrected [1926.753(c)(1)(iii)].
- A qualified rigger (a
rigger who is also a qualified person) must inspect the rigging prior to each
shift in accordance with 1926.251
[1926.753(c)(2)].
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- Routes for suspended loads
must be preplanned to ensure
that no employee is required to work directly below a
suspended load, except for [1926.753(d)(1)]
 :
- When employees work under
suspended loads, the following criteria must be
met [1926.753(d)(2)]:
- Materials being hoisted must be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement
[1926.753(d)(2)(i)];
- Hooks with self-closing safety
latches or their equivalent must be used to
prevent components from slipping out of the hook [1926.753(d)(2)(ii)];
and
- All loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger [1926.753(d)(2)(iii)].
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- A multiple lift may be
performed only if the following criteria are met [1926.753(e)(1)]:
- All employees engaged in the multiple lift have
been trained in these
procedures in accordance with 1926.761(c)(1)
[1926.753(e)(1)(iv)];
- No crane is permitted to be used for a multiple
lift where such use is contrary to the manufacturer's specifications and
limitations [1926.753(e)(1)(v)].
- Multiple-lift rigging assembly
capacity, for the total assembly and for each
individual attachment point, must:
- be certified by the
manufacturer or a qualified rigger,
- be based on the manufacturer's
specifications, and
- have a 5-to-1 safety
factor for all components [1926.753(e)(2)].
- The total load must not
exceed:
- the rated capacity of
the hoisting equipment specified in
the hoisting
equipment load
charts [1926.753(e)(3)(i)];
and
- the rigging capacity
specified in the rigging rating chart [1926.753(e)(3)(ii)].
- The multiple-lift rigging assembly must be rigged with members:
- The members on the multiple-lift rigging assembly
must be set in position from the
bottom up [1926.753(e)(5)].
- Controlled load lowering
must be used whenever the load is over the connectors
[1926.753(e)(6)].
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Commercially manufactured lifting
equipment designed to lift and position a load of known
weight to a location at some known elevation and
horizontal distance from the equipment’s center of
rotation.
A "come-a-long" (a mechanical
device usually consisting of a chain or cable attached
at each end, that is used to facilitate movement of
materials through leverage) is not considered "hoisting
equipment."
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| Cranes |
Headache Ball |
Choker |
Multiple Lift Rigging |
Multi-Lift Rigging Procedure
(MLRP) |
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